How to Choose Photovoltaic Mounting Systems?

Although the cost of photovoltaic mounting systems accounts for only a small percentage of the total cost of a photovoltaic power generation system—just a few percent—the selection of the mounting system is very important. One of the key considerations is weather resistance. Throughout the 25-year lifespan of the photovoltaic mounting system, it must ensure structural stability and reliability, capable of withstanding environmental corrosion, wind loads, and snow loads. The safety and reliability of installation must also be considered, aiming to achieve optimal performance with minimal installation costs. Additionally, factors such as whether the system requires minimal maintenance, whether reliable repair guarantees are available, and whether the mounting system can be recycled at the end of its lifecycle are all important considerations.

When designing and constructing photovoltaic power plants, the choice between fixed mounting systems, tilt-adjustable mounting systems, or automatic tracking mounting systems requires comprehensive consideration based on local conditions, as each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. These approaches are still being explored and refined. The characteristics of different types of photovoltaic mounting systems are as follows:

1. Fixed Tilt Mounting Systems
Fixed tilt mounting systems are commonly used in most scenarios due to their simple installation, low cost, and high safety. They can withstand high wind speeds and seismic conditions. These systems require almost no maintenance throughout their lifecycle, resulting in low operational and maintenance costs. However, their drawback is that power output may be relatively low when used in high-latitude regions.

2. Tilt-Adjustable Mounting Systems
Compared to fixed mounting systems, tilt-adjustable mounting systems divide the year into several time periods, allowing the array to achieve an average optimal tilt angle in each period. This enables the system to capture more solar radiation throughout the year than fixed systems, increasing power generation by approximately 5%. Compared to automatic tracking systems, which suffer from technical immaturity, high investment costs, high failure rates, and high operational and maintenance costs, tilt-adjustable systems offer clear advantages. They represent a practical and economically valuable solution.

3. Single-Axis Tracking Mounting Systems
Single-axis tracking mounting systems deliver better energy production performance. Compared to fixed mounting systems, horizontal single-axis systems can increase power generation by 20% to 25% in low-latitude regions and by 12% to 15% in other regions. Tilted single-axis systems can increase power generation by 20% to 30% in various regions.